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The Family of the Gypsy Bullfighter
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The Family of the Gypsy Bullfighter

The Family of the Gypsy Bullfighter

Artist: Ignacio Zuloaga y Zabaleta (Spanish, 1870-1945)

Date: 1903
Dimensions:
Unframed H 220 x W 205 cm (H 86 5/8 x W 80 11/16 in.)
Framed H 231.5 x W 217.6 x D 4.8 cm (H 91 1/8 x 85 11/16 x D 1 14/16 in.)
Medium: Oil on canvas
Credit Line: Museum Department Acquistion, 1909.
Place Made:Spain, Seville
Period: Modern
Culture: Spanish
On View
DescriptionIgnacio Zuloaga y Zabaleta (Éibar, Guipúzcoa, 1870–Madrid, 1945)
The Family of the Gypsy Bullfighter, 1903
Oil on canvas, 220 × 205 cm
Signed, lower right, “I. Zuloaga”
New York, The Hispanic Society of America, A293

PROVENANCE: Ignacio Zuloaga; acquired by The Hispanic Society of America, 1909

Ignacio Zuloaga’s remarkable painting The Family of the Gypsy Bullfighter offers a striking vision of Spain and its bullfighting culture in the early 20th century. Born in Éibar into an artistic family that had specialized in damascene metalwork, Ignacio trained in Paris beginning in 1888. There he would meet many of the most celebrated cultural figures: Auguste Rodin (1840–1917), Henri de ToulouseLautrec (1864–1901), and Edgar Degas (1834–1917), as well as fellow Spaniards, Santiago Rusiñol (1861–1931) and Ramon Casas (1866–1932). In 1899, Ignacio Zuloaga married Valentine Dethomas, the sister of his friend, Maxime Pierre Dethomas (1867–1929), a painter and highly regarded stage designer associated with Toulouse-Lautrec. Although Paris remained the focus of Zuloaga’s career, he frequently returned to Spain, visiting Segovia where his ceramic artist uncle Daniel Zuloaga (1852–1921) lived. His uncle would exert a strong influence on him and his cousins frequently posed for him.

Bullfighters are numerous in Zuloaga’s oeuvre. The title of the picture suggests that the viewer is looking at an actual family group, but this cannot be the case, since the young woman at far right is a portrait of Zuloaga’s cousin, Cándida Zuloaga, whom Zuloaga often portrayed. Indeed, Joaquín Sorolla told Howard Allison that the figures were “Madrid professional models, several of whom can be clearly recognized. I know them personally” (Allison 1926, p. 43).

Whether the torero in the picture was an actual bullfighter is unclear. Zuloaga, as Priscilla Muller has shown, always referred to the picture as “The Family of the Gypsy Bullfighter,” never specifying any real person. In any event, the picture is an amazing tour-de-force of psychological representation, with each character offering a different personality. The center of gravity is the materfamilias, looking proudly but not entirely uncritically at what one assumes to be her son and grandson, the latter intended to carry on the family tradition in the ring. MBB

Texto en Español:

La sorprendente Familia del torero gitano de Ignacio Zuloaga ofrece una llamativa visión de España y su cultura taurómaca a comienzos del siglo XX. Zuloaga, nacido en Éibar de una familia de artistas especializada en el damasquinado y la cerámica, se formó en París a partir de 1888. Allí conoció a muchos grandes artistas: Auguste Rodin (1840-1917), Henri de ToulouseLautrec (1864-1901) y Edgar Degas (1834-1917), y a compatriotas como Santiago Rusiñol (1861-1931) y Ramón Casas (1866-1932). En 1899 se casó con Valentine Dethomas, hermana de su amigo Maxime Pierre Dethomas (1867-1929), pintor y escenógrafo muy valorado y próximo a Toulouse-Lautrec. París siempre fue el centro de la carrera de Zuloaga, que sin embargo viajaba a España con frecuencia, visitando en Segovia a su tío el ceramista Daniel Zuloaga (1852-1921). Su tío ejerció una fuerte influencia sobre él, y sus primas posaron para él a menudo.

En la obra de Zuloaga abundan los toreros. El título de este cuadro induce a creer que estamos frente a un verdadero grupo de familia, pero no puede ser así, porque la joven de la derecha es una prima del artista, Cándida Zuloaga, a quien Ignacio retrató muchas veces. Joaquín Sorolla le dijo a Howard Allison que los personajes eran «modelos profesionales de Madrid, varios de ellos fáciles de reconocer. Yo les conozco personalmente» (Allison 1926, p. 43). No está claro si el torero del cuadro lo era en la realidad. Como ha señalado Priscilla E. Muller, Zuloaga siempre hablaba de la obra como «La familia del torero gitano», sin nombrar a nadie en concreto. En cualquier caso, es un impresionante tour-de-force de representación psicológica, en el que cada uno de los presentes manifiesta una personalidad distinta. El centro de gravedad es la materfamilias, que mira con orgullo no del todo exento de crítica a quienes se supone que son su hijo y su nieto, este último destinado a continuar la tradición familiar en los ruedos. MB

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
BRINTON 1909 Christian Brinton, Catalogue of Paintings by Ignacio Zuloaga Exhibited by The Hispanic Society of America [Exh. Cat., New York, The Hispanic Society of America, 21 March–11 April 1909]. New York: The Hispanic Society of America, 1909.
ALLISON 1926 Howard Allison, “Zuloaga—Man and Artist,” The Mentor (February 1926), pp. 42-43
TRAPIER 1932 Elizabeth du Gué Trapier, Catalogue of Paintings (19th and 20th Centuries) in the Collection of The Hispanic Society of America, 2 vols. New York: The Hispanic Society of America, 1932, vol. 2, pp. 527-28, pl. CXCIX
LAFUENTE FERRARI 1950 Enrique Lafuente Ferrari, La vida y el arte de Ignacio Zuloaga. San Sebastián: Internacional, 1950, p. 223, no. 173
LAFUENTE FERRARI 1991 Enrique Lafuente Ferrari, The Life and Work of Ignacio Zuloaga. Barcelona: Planeta, 1991, pp. 498-99, no. 173
LENAGHAN ET AL. ( EDS. ) 2000 Patrick Lenaghan, Mitchell A. Codding, Mencía Figueroa Villota, and John O’Neill (eds.), The Hispanic Society of America. Tesoros. New York: The Hispanic Society of America, 2000, pp. 428-29, no. 155
MULLER ( DIR. ) 2000 Priscilla E. Muller, De Goya a Zuloaga. La pintura española de los siglos xix y xx en The Hispanic Society of America [Exh. Cat., Madrid, Sala de Exposiciones BBVA, October–December 2000; Bilbao, Sala de Exposiciones BBVA, December 2000–February 2001; Seville, Hospital de los Venerables, March–May 2001]. [Madrid]: BBVA, 2000, pp. 125-29, no. 45
BURKE 2016 Marcus B. Burke, “The Hispanic Society of America, Nueva York,” in Mark A. Roglán (ed.), Arte español en los Estados Unidos de América. Madrid: El Viso, 2016, p. 142
CODDING ( ED. ) 2017 Mitchell A. Codding (ed.), Tesoros de la Hispanic Society: Visiones del mundo hispánico. Madrid, New York: Museo Nacional del Prado, The Hispanic Society of America, 2017, pp. 355-56, no. 182
CODDING ( ED. ) 2018a [Spanish edition] Mitchell A. Codding (ed.), Tesoros de la Hispanic Society of America. Mexico City, New York: Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, The Hispanic Society of America, 2018, pp. 390-91, no. 208
CODDING (ED.) 2018b [English edition] Mitchell A. Codding (ed.), Visions of the Hispanic World: Treasures from The Hispanic Society Museum & Library. New York: The Hispanic Society of America, 2018, no. 198

Accession Number: A293