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A Grant (Privilegio)
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A Grant (Privilegio)

A Grant (Privilegio)

Author: Alfonso VII, King of Castile and León (Caldas de Reis, Pontevedra, Galicia, ca. 1105–Despeñaperros, Jaén, 1157)

Date: 30 November 1150 (Spanish era 1188)
Dimensions:
36.7 x 29.5 cm (14 7/16 x 11 5/8 in.)
Medium: Manuscript on parchment
Credit Line: Presented to the Hispanic Society by Archer M. Huntington, 1925.
Place Made:Spain, Toledo
Period: Medieval
Culture: Spanish
Not on View
DescriptionAlfonso VII, King of Castile and León (Caldas de Reis, Pontevedra, Galicia, ca. 1105–Despeñaperros, Jaén, 1157)
A Grant
(Privilegio)
Toledo, 30 November 1150 (Spanish era 1188) Manuscript on parchment, 36.7 × 29.5 cm
New York, The Hispanic Society of America, B16

PROVENANCE: Archer M. Huntington, New York; presented to The Hispanic Society of America, 1925

This charter issued by Alfonso VII, King of Castile and León, in Toledo in 1150 (Spanish era 1188) records a grant of lands to Willelmus, abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Santa María de Valdeiglesias. The era hispánica, or Spanish era, was a dating system employed in the Iberian Peninsula with year one beginning in 38 BC, marking the date that Hispania became a tributary province of Rome. The Spanish era became the official dating system of the Visigothic Kingdom in the 6th century and remained in use into the 14th and 15th centuries when it was replaced with the Christian era. Written in Latin in a fine Carolingian minuscule hand, in brown ink, the manuscript displays all the usual features of this type of legal document. The grant is confirmed by the king, “Ego adefonsus ymperator yspanie. hoc priuilegium confirmo. et propria manu corroboro,” and is corroborated by a list of witnesses, among them Archbishop Raimundo of Toledo, “Raimundus tholetane sedis archiepiscopus. yspanie primas.”

What makes this charter stand out from other examples of similar transactions is the drawing that occupies the lower third of the manuscript. Rendered in a rather lively style, we have a pictorial representation of the transaction described in the text. Pictured, from the left, we have the king’s sons, Sancho III, King of Castile, and Fernando II, King of León. In the middle frame we have the abbot Willelmus, pictured carrying a crosier and standing within a frame whose decoration is clearly evocative of contemporary ecclesiastical architecture. The king is seated to the left of the abbot and, beside him, is his mayordomo, Count Ponce de Cabrera, who is pictured leaning slightly towards the king. Special attention should be paid to the depiction of each figure’s feet: the king is the only figure pictured in a static, upright pose, facing directly forward, while the others all appear to be in motion. Similarly, all the figures, with the exception of Sancho, are depicted in action: the king, Alfonso, offers a branch, a symbol of donation, to the abbot, whose hand is raised in blessing. King Fernando likewise offers a branch, while the king’s mayordomo carries a sword and shield.

Along the top of the drawing we find the names of the individuals depicted, with each assigned a letter: “Sancius rex. Ferandus rex. / B // Willelmus uallis ecelesiarum / C // adefonsus imp[er]ator. / A // Poncius comes. / D” and below, using the key, we find the explanation of the identity of each individual ([a] pater [b] proles [c] abbas [d] testis) and their roles: the king (a) donates, his sons (b) confirm the donation, the abbot (c) receives the donation, and the count (d) verifies the transaction. These additional details, somewhat redundant given that a full account of the transaction is in the text of the charter, serve to reinforce the authority of the document. The skillful rendering of scene, in all likelihood by the same scribe that copied the text, leads one to believe that this was a presentation copy made in a royal scriptorium. JO

Texto en Español:

Este diploma, expedido por Alfonso VII, rey de Castilla y León, en Toledo, en 1150 (Era hispánica 1188) concede un privilegio de tierras a Willelmus, abad del monasterio benedictino de Santa María de San Martín de Valdeiglesias. Escrito en latín, en delicada letra minúscula carolingia, en tinta marrón, el manuscrito posee todas las características habituales de este tipo de documento legal. El privilegio está confirmado por el rey «Ego adefonsus ymperator yspanie. hoc priuilegium confirmo. et propria manu corroboro», y refrendado por una lista de testigos, entre los que figura Raimundo de Toledo, «Raimundus tholetane sedis archiepiscopus. yspanie primas».

Este documento destaca por encima de otros ejemplares de transacciones similares, debido al dibujo que ocupa el tercio inferior del manuscrito. Elaborado en un estilo alegre, contiene una representación pictórica de la transacción descrita en el documento. De izquierda a derecha, figuran los hijos del rey: Sancho III, rey de Castilla, y Fernando II, rey de León. En el centro aparece el abad Willelmus, de pie, con un báculo, dentro de un marco con decoración que recuerda claramente a la arquitectura eclesiástica contemporánea. El rey aparece sentado a la izquierda del abad y, junto a él, su mayordomo, el conde Ponce de Cabrera, ligeramente inclinado hacia el rey. Merece especial atención el dibujo de los pies de cada figura: la del rey es la única representada en una posición erguida, estática, mirando al frente, mientras que las demás parecen estar en movimiento. Del mismo modo, todas las figuras, con excepción de Sancho, se representan en acción: el rey Alfonso ofrece una rama, símbolo de don, al abad, quien tiene una mano en el aire para bendecir. El rey Fernando también ofrece una rama, mientras que el mayordomo del rey porta una espada y un escudo.

En la parte superior del dibujo, encontramos los nombres de los individuos representados, identificados con una letra: «Sancius rex. Ferandus rex. / B // Willelmus uallis ecelesiarum / C // adefonsus imp[er]ator. / A // Poncius comes. / D» y debajo, entre llaves, consta la explicación de la identidad de cada individuo [a] pater [b] proles [c] abbas [d] testis, y sus cargos: el rey (a) dona, sus hijos (b) confirman el don, el abad (c) recibe el don, y el conde (d) verifica la transacción. Estos detalles adicionales, algo redundantes, dado que en el texto del diploma figura un relato completo de la transacción, sirven para reforzar la legitimidad del documento. La elaborada interpretación de la escena, realizada con toda probabilidad por el mismo escriba que copió el texto, nos induce a creer que se trata de una copia de presentación realizada en un scriptorium real. JO’N

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
SPALDING 1972 Frances Spalding, “Ornament from Selected Documents,” Apollo, XCV, 122 (1972), pp. 301–05, pp. 301-3
FAULHABER 1993 Charles B. Faulhaber, Medieval Manuscripts in the Library of The Hispanic Society of America, Part Two: Documents and Letters. New York: The Hispanic Society of America, 1993, p. 348, no. 601
LENAGHAN ET AL. ( EDS. ) 2000 Patrick Lenaghan, Mitchell A. Codding, Mencía Figueroa Villota, and John O’Neill (eds.), The Hispanic Society of America. Tesoros. New York: The Hispanic Society of America, 2000, pp. 128-29, no. 13
HOLCOMB 2009 Melanie Holcomb, Pen and parchment: Drawing in the Middle Ages. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009, no. 21
JURADO SALVAN 2017 Enrique Jurado Salvan, “Santa María de Valdeiglesias, un monasterio por descubrir,” Románico: Revista de Arte de Amigos del Románico, 25 (December 2017), pp. 58–67, illus. p. 66
CODDING ( ED. ) 2017 Mitchell A. Codding (ed.), Tesoros de la Hispanic Society: Visiones del mundo hispánico. Madrid, New York: Museo Nacional del Prado, The Hispanic Society of America, 2017, pp. 128-29, no. 36
CODDING ( ED. ) 2018 Mitchell A. Codding (ed.), Tesoros de la Hispanic Society of America. Mexico City, New York: Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, The Hispanic Society of America, 2018, pp. 116-17, no. 36
Accession Number: B16
In Collection(s)